Cattle killer

Increased Natural Killer Cells Activity in Schizophrenic Patients

Background: Schizophrenia has been associated with altered immunity. Different studies regarding natural killer cell activity (NKA) in schizophrenic patients have shown inconsistent results. Objectives: To evaluate NK cell activity in schizophrenic patients in comparison with healthy control individuals.   Methods: 30 medication-free schizophrenic patients and 41 healthy sex, age and smoking st...

Definition of the Cattle Killer Cell Ig–like Receptor Gene Family: Comparison with Aurochs and Human Counterparts

Under selection pressure from pathogens, variable NK cell receptors that recognize polymorphic MHC class I evolved convergently in different species of placental mammal. Unexpectedly, diversified killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) are shared by simian primates, including humans, and cattle, but not by other species. Whereas much is known of human KIR genetics and genomics, knowledge of cattle...

Killer environment.

Killer splits

Although killer whales showed overall low levels of mitochondrial sequence variation, the researchers found three fixed differences between the open-sea type A whales compared with the two ice-inhabiting, other forms. " The genetic pattern suggests that, for females at least, there is no gene flow between them, " the authors write. But they do point out that the evidence for reproductive isolat...

Killer Acquisitions ∗

This article demonstrates that incumbent firms acquire innovative targets to discontinue the development of the targets’ innovation projects in order to preempt future competition. We call such acquisitions “killer acquisitions.” We illustrate the phenomenon using a model with product market competition, innovation, and endogenous acquisition decisions. In our model incumbent firms have incenti...